The Articles of Confederation did not mandate an Executive Branch in the Central Government. The Framers envisioned a small Federal Government; their rebellion against the British King made them wary of a strong central authority. The post WWII Big Brother Federal Government serves as an example of what the Founding Fathers rebelled against the British Crown.
The Commerce Clause in the U.S. Constitution (Article I, Section 8) originally intended to give Congress the power to regulate commerce between the states and foreign nations – inter-state trade. Inter-State trade expanded to include trade and commerce between States of the Union regulated by Washington bureaucrats. Hence the Framers wrote the Commerce Clause with the intent to create a balance that would facilitate trade among states of the Union while preventing any single state monopoly from having undue influence over commerce. Hence the rejection of Central Government established monopolies, starting with a Central (Federal Reserve) Bank.
Lincoln, often considered the first Radical Republican, adopted measures that increased federal power during the Civil War, despite his initial respect for states’ rights. Lincoln’s Hamiltonian views concerning the establishment of a Federal banking monopoly crystalized in forcing Banks to keep Treasury Notes and the fiat Greenback currency, through which he financed the Civil War.
The post Civil War Inter-State Commerce Act institutionalized Washington as Big Brother over the States reduced to being “counties” within the Federal Government. Socialist Centralized Planning FDR would later initiate consequent to Wilson’s establishment of a Federal monopoly Federal Reserve. Small wonder that Wilson’s establishment of a Federally established private banking monopoly, a policy which mirrors European economic traditions, that the US almost immediately there after permanently joined the Allied military alliance, due to the huge loans the Federal Reserve gave to England and France, prior to the US joining the Allied Alliance. This fundamentally abrogated Washington’s command not for the US to join into any European alliance.
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משנה תורה קידושין פרק א סוגיה א
Having made a review of Boris Badenov, and Natasha Fatale, must now return back to the 2nd to last line of :ב.
דתנן: (בז’ דרכים), אתרוג שוה לאילן בג’ דרכים. ליתני דברים משום דבעינן מתני סיפא, ולירק דברך אחד. סיפא נמי ניתני דבר התם הא קמשמע לן דדרכיה דאתרוג כירק
Why do the halachic codifications compare to tits on a boar hog, when a student studies the Talmud? Reshonim and Acharonim scholarship prioritized learning halacha divorced from the Talmud. Hence their codes of halacha fails to learn halacha in context to how it serves as a precedent to interpret the original language of the Mishna. In this particular instance, does the maturity of a child impact the mitzva of קידושין. Our Villains, Badenov and Fatale argue that child rape through ביאה qualifies as kosher קידושין. The Gemara brings the בנין אב של אתרוג as a precedent proving that maturity determines the validity of mitzvot. The halachic statute law codifications have no awareness what so ever of how the Gemara employs halachic issues as precedents to re-interpret the original intent of the language of the Home Mishna. Herein the Reshonim and Acharonim scholarship took down stream generations off the דרך.
Recall that Natasha Fatale declared money as a rabbinic acquisition, it seems important to bring the RambaN’s commentary to this Gemara.
חדושי רבינו משה בן נחמן קידושין: בכסף בשטר ובביאה. דוקא נקט סידרא, דכתיב כי יקח היינו כסף והדר כתיב ובעלה, משום הכי אקדמיה לכסף מקמי ביאה. ושטר משום דדמי לכסף. שכן קונין בהן שאר דברים וקנינן מרובה, סמכו ענין לו, ואע”פ שבכתוב כסף וביאה סמוכין. ולמאי דמפקינן נמי כסף מויצאה חנם (לקמן ג,ב), ההיא לומר דקידושי דאה הוו, אבל מ”מ כסף דקני מכי יקח נפקא והדר ובעלה. ולר’ יוחנן (לקמן ט,ב) דמפיק ביאה מבעולת בעל, איכא למימר דכיון דעיקר כל קנין כסף הוא [מדרשא – הגראז] חביבא ליה ואקדמיה, א”נ כיון דכת’ כי יקח והדר ובעלה אקדמיה לכסף – money before intercourse.
In the matter of אתרוג the Torah raise the קום ועשה מצוה של ערלה. Boris Badenov’s statute halacha totally ignored this precedent of אתרוג in the acquisition of קידושין involving a minor child. His code divorced this key precedent and how the Amoraim employed it to interpret the intent of the language of the Mishna.
Natasha Fatale’s כסף משנה commentary absolutely failed to correct this gross fundamental socialist perversion made by Boris Badenov’s statue law halachic over-simplification, and שב ולא תעשה assimilation unto Greek\Roman statute law.
אתרוד שוה לאילן בג’ דרכים, לערלה ולרבעי ולשביעית. פירש רש”י ז”ל שערלה ורבעי נוהגין בו באילן [the initial formation of fruit]ולשביעית שהולכים בפירותיו אחר חנטה
,כאילן ולא אחר לקיטה כירק. ודקדקו עליו וליתני נמי לפאה ולשכחה דאי דמי לאילן ליתני ה’ אי דמי לירק דלא מחייב ליתני ג’ לירק. וזו אינה קודיא, דאי מחייב לאו דומיא דאילן הוא, דאיכא נמי ירק דמחייב, כל שמכניסו לקיום (פאה פ”ג מ”ד) כגון מלבנות הבצלים וחיטה וכל חמישה מינין דלאו אילן נינהו. ואי לא מחייב, לאו דומיא דירק הוא דליתני לירק, דאיכא אילן דלא מחייב כגון תאנה כדתנן בדוכתא (פאה פ”א מ”ד, פ”ג מ”ד) משום – הכילא תננהו – [fruits are gathered gradually]. This last clause introduces a completely different subject than maturity. The RambaN refers to their pattern of harvesting, not the ripening process whereas our Gemara, it seems to me, brings this precedent to address האשה נקנית as it applies to a daughter whom the father can sell without her consent.
A minor daughter has two qualities (1) he can sell her as a maid servant without her consent. (2) The person who acquires this “property” cannot acquire title to her Nefesh O’lam Ha’bah through bi’ah, till she has the maturity to possess the discernment of what this bi’ah acquires. Kiddushin through intercourse fundamentally requires da‘at; whereas kiddushin through money relates to the father’s authority. The authority of the father not a rabbinic fence around the Torah “authority”. כסף, שטר וביאה serve as angles of analysis on the mishnaic blueprint — each with different halachic implications tied to maturity, da‘at, and precedent. Bi’ah with a minor cannot sanctify kiddushin.
Our Gemara now makes a בנין אב גזרה שוו to :ר”ה יד:, וסוכה לט. A כלל in how the Gemara interprets the language of its Home Mishna, all halachic subjects raised by the Gemara function as בניני אבות precedents wherein the Amoraim interpret the k’vanna intent of the Mishnaic language. The Framers of the Talmud never had any intention to organize these precedent halachot into Greek/Roman statute shoe-box egg-crates. Furthermore, the editors of both the Bavli and Yerushalmi organized each and every sugya of Gemara as complete-intact-whole units. In this sense, a sugya of Gemara compares to a static bridge which spans a river. Static engineering far simpler than dynamic engineering; the former depends on linear geometry and algebra, whereas the latter requires Calculus variables and other forms of Higher mathematics.
A scholar needs to interpret the precedent sugya quickly in his effort to understand how this off the dof sugya serves as a changed perspective which views the shared גזרה שוו common denominator clause from a completely different angle as view from the Gemara of קידושין views this precedent viewed from a completely different perspective.
This Gemara כלל, how to understand the language of the Gemara across the Sha’s — Boris Badenov & Natasha Fatale triggered a ירידות הדורות domino effect which cursed all downstream generations with their Av tuma avoda zarah. The foreign alien Goyim theology whose substitution theology transposes Power AS God. Regardless of the dogma: Be it the Nicene Creed or the revelation of the Koran dictated by an Angel, both religions of avoda zara orbited the shared central axis of military conquest and Power. Wrapped ever so beautifully in the shiny deception of belief in God. Both religions made it a religious obligation to conquer the World and force all Man Kind to believe in their Universal monotheism Gods.
Each sugya of בנין אב Gemara has an opening Thesis Statement. A closing re-statement but re-phrased thesis statement. And all halachic issues raised within the body of the sugya exist somewhere along this two-point sugya sh’itta/line. This rigid fixed quality of each and every Gemara sugyot permits a scholar to make a syllogism three-point deductive reasoning to quickly grasp the angle of perspective of this בנין אב סודיה. The simplicity of the Framers design compares to the inherit rigid strength of a triangle.
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דתנן ר”ה: באחד בשבט ראש השנה לאילן כדברי בית שמאי. בה”א בחמישה עשר בו. גמ. סוגיה אחרונה לפני תנן: בארבע פרקים העולם דידון. דף יד: מ”ט אמר רבי אלעזר א”ר אושעיא הואיל ויצאו רוב גשמי שנה ועדיין רוב תקופה מבחוץ מאי קאמר? ה”ק אע”פ שרוב תקופה מבחוץ הואיל ויצאו רוב דשמי. ת”ר מעשה בר”ע שליקט אתרוג באחד בשבט ונהג בו שני עישורין אחד כדברי ב”ש ואחד כדברי ב”ה וגו’……. אמר רבי יוחנן נהגו העם בחרובין כרבי נחמיה איתיביה ר”ל לרבי יוחנן בנות שוח שביעתי שלהן שניה מפני שעושות לשליש השנים אישתיק ……… דתנן אתרוג שוה לאילן בג’ דרכים לערלה ולרבעי ולשביעית ולירק בדרך אחד שבשעת לקיטתו עישרו דברי ר”ג ר’ אליעזר אומר אתרוג שוה לאילן לכל דבר
העיקר — מה עושה הסוגיה של האתרוג? The Mishnah’s short formula — “אתרוג שוה לאילן בג’ דרכים — לערלה, לרביעי, ולשביעית; ולירק בדרך אחד” — not a botanical description but a legal index: some mitzvot treat the etrog like a tree (because they look to חנטה / formative moment) and some like a vegetable (because they look to לקיטה / the act of harvest). The Gemara then spins that hinge into a general method: when a mitzva’s norm is tied to formation/appearance we apply one set of rules; when it’s tied to picking/transfer we apply another.
איך זה מיישם את מישנת ראש-השנה (אחד־בחודש / ט״ו) How does this apply to the Mishnah of Rosh Hashanah (the first of the month / the 15th?
That dispute is fundamentally about which moment determines halachic belonging: the moment of חנטה / becoming part of the tree, or the moment of לקיטה / becoming gathered. When the Gemara records that people have customs (e.g. to follow בית שמאי או בית הלל or follow actual practices of איסוף), it is doing exactly the same juridical move as the etrog sugya: it asks which legal clock ticks for this mitzva. Thus the Rosh Ha-Shana Mishnah’s language about dates and customs is explained by the same binyan-av: the date that counts depends on which legal parameter the mitzva attaches to (formation vs harvest vs seasonal counting). The Gemara’s stories (e.g. about rabbi Akiva who picked etrog on one date and treated it by two sets of rules) illustrate that there are two different clocks and we must know which one the law attaches to.
מה זה עושה לגבי קידושין — “האשה נקנית בשלוש דרכים” Now connect the binyan-av: the Mishnah of קידושין lists three kinyanim (כסף, שטר, ביאה) — the Gemara’s job is to determine the kavvanah (legal parameter) each mode presupposes.
כסף (and שטר) behave like a property transfer — akin to crops harvested and stored. Their legal effect can depend on a property-type standard (the father’s authority, a contractual transfer), not on the woman’s personal subjective state. For many cases the law treats כסף as operating through the father’s guardianship: it can effect kiddushin of a minor under paternal kinyan because it’s a transferal-mechanism in the communal-property sense.
ביאה is fundamentally different: it is a personal, bodily act whose halachic efficacy attaches to the personhood and daʿat of the woman. The Gemara examines whether biʿah creates kiddushin when the woman lacks requisite daʿat or maturity. Using the etrog binyan-av, the Gemara shows that because ביאה’s “moment of effect” is like לקיטה tied to consent/active completion, it requires the agent’s halachic capability (daʿat). Therefore a sexual act with a child who lacks daʿat does not produce valid kiddushin; it is not a valid kinyan but assault.
איך האתרוג מהווה הוכחה-מודל (precedent) How the etrog serves as a proof-model (precedent). The etrog case is concrete precedent: for some mitzvot the decisive moment is חנטה (formation) — these are like sheviʿit/ערלה — and for others the decisive moment is לקיטה (harvest) — these are like maʿaser/קנין. The Amoraim import that distinction into family law: is kiddushin decided by a formation-type standard (family/paternal authority, like property) or by a person-centered standard (consent/daʿat)? The etrog sugya proves that the Talmud repeatedly uses agricultural categories as legal prototypes for other areas: if the halachic system chooses the formation-model, the rules follow that template; if it chooses the picking-model, the rules follow the other template.
התחביר ההלכתי של הכוונה The halakhic syntax of intention. Therefore the kavvanah of the Mishnah’s language in both places is institutional—specifying which legal template applies. In ר״ה the Mishnah’s dates and customs are shorthand telling us which temporal-template the law uses for that fruit/mitzva (formation vs harvest). In קידושין the Mishnah’s list of kinyanim is shorthand telling us which type of legal transaction we are dealing with — property-transfer vs person-centered transfer — and the Gemara uses etrog-style binyan-av to decide borderline cases (minors, absent daʿat, father’s sale).
דוגמה קצרה להמחשה A short example for illustration. Fig tree (תאנה): fruit is gathered gradually → no peah → behaves atypically for a “tree” → shows that botanical category ≠ legal category. Onions/wheat stored: vegetable-type plants that are obligated in peah → shows the opposite. Apply to kiddushin: a “formative” connection (father sells daughter) can create a legal effect with respect to כסף, even if the person lacks autonomous daʿat for ביאה.
מסקנה מעשית ומחשבתית A practical and intellectual conclusion. The Gemara’s sugya is not pedantic taxonomy — it gives the reader the legal hermeneutic: always ask “which legal clock / template does the mitzva/grant attach to?” Once you know the template, everything else follows. That is the kavvanah both of the ר״ה Mishnah (which temporal template applies?) and of the קידושין Mishnah (which acquisition-template applies?), and the etrog precedent is the canonical model the Amoraim employ to transfer that method from agriculture into family law.