Howdy Gamma Hans just laid the s’chach fer the Sukkah. Whoooooooooop!! 36 diné כרת . Mishnah Keritot 1:1 lists 36 transgressions carrying liability for karet.

Karet cuts a bnai brit person off from the chosen Cohen seed fathered by Avraham Yitzak and Yaacov. O’lam Ha’bah refers to the brit Avram swore between the pieces wherein the Torah learns the vision of brit O’lam Ha’Bah; hence this brit does not apply to any Goyim. A טיפש פשט literally ass-u-me(s) Cohen restricted to the House of Aaron. As tefillah stands in the stead of korbanot and an obligation upon the entire house of Israel so too the “Cohen nation”/”O’lam Ha’Ba applicable only to the 12 Tribes of Israel who accept to this day the revelation of the Torah at Sinai.

“כרת הברית requires an oath alliance lishmah” defines the k’vanna of the 1st Sinai commandment applicable only to the 12 Tribes within the borders of the oath sworn land inheritance. G’lut Jewry suffers the din of כרת in g’lut — they lose the wisdom to do mitzvot לשמה because Egypt – referred to in the 1st Sinai commandment – לאו דוקא.

The din of 39 lashes atones for the curse of karet; a Torah wisdom pertaining to the oath לשמה the Avot swore to Father the chosen Cohen people. Hence the expression כרת ברית you quoted only a טיפש פשט attempts to restrict this fundamental wisdom/abstract time-oriented Av commandment with a simple word translation “to cut/make a covenant”. The כרת הברית requires the Torah obligation to swear an oath alliance לשמה . Swearing a Torah oath לא לשמה amounts to avoda zarah. La’van swore an oath in the Name of his Gods when he and Yaacov swore an oath alliance which his descendent Bil’aam profaned when the king of Moav hired him to curse Israel.

Yosef Karo, living in the Cohen inherited brit land, supported the Safed attempt to renew semikhah, to restore Sanhedrin judicial authority to make possible the application of laws—including malkot—whose halakhic function includes atonement in cases otherwise liable to karet.

Hebrew University does not have a reputation for producing profound Torah scholars. A Hebrew University scholar did produce a major, original commentary on the Talmud comparable in ambition and detailed engagement with earlier commentators: David Weiss Halivni’s Mekorot u-Mesorot; however, his learning failed to teach how פרדס together with the 7 middot of Hillel, 10 middot of Akiva, 13 middot of Yishmael, and 32 middot of Ha’Galilee interpret the warp/weft ratio of halachacha כנגד aggadah employed to define the culture and customs together with the T’NaCH prophetic mussar required to make an aliya of toldot mitzvot which do not require k’vanna to Av tohor wisdom-time oriented commandments first introduced as the most important Torah theme of משנה תורה\common law.

T’NaCH commands mussar common law k’vannot which the O’lam ha’Bah generations grow this אל mussar rebuke within their Yatzir Ha’Tov hearts. Hence the מלאך named Yaacov ישראל ‘servant of the rebuke’. Yitzak validated the blessing given to Yaacov through his deception, however based upon the blessing he gave to Esav, he sternly rebuked Yaacov. Impossible for Goyim to grow prophetic mussar within their hearts because they assume Torah prophets served as witches who predict the future, as expressed repeatedly throughout the counterfeit gospels ‘fulfilled the words of the prophets’.

Yom Kippur סמוך to Chag Sukkot מלאכה a Torah wisdom which creates through oaths sworn לשמה – possible only in the borders of the oath sworn land inheritance of the chosen Cohen people, the כפרה of the sealing of יום הזכרון distinguishes the ‘living blood’ of the goat brought within the פרכת\כפר from the splattered blood of the goat עון פשע וחטא of the goat cast off the cliff. The Shemone Esrei does not include the ודוי דרבנן anywhere within the עצם language of this תפילה דרבנן because the ודוי דאורייתא makes a fundamental הבדלה which separates and distinguishes between the ודוי sworn upon the דם חי of the korban brought before the פרכת from the blood of the goat cast off the cliff; a separation\gulf as wide as tohor from tuma.

Chag Sukkot most essentially learns from the laying of S’chach. The בנין אב Torah precedent learns from the אוהל/tent of the Mishkan Sinai revelation. The wisdom-time oriented commandments/תמיד מעשה בראשית create מלאכים which the Cohen nation can send to make war against the enemies of Israel. Moshe Rabbeinu sent as a מלאך unto Egypt to judge the Gods of Par’o; Yehoshua crosses the river Jordan as a מלאך to judge the Gods worshipped by the kingdoms of Canaan. Wisdom-time oriented commandments only sanctify the House of Israel because only the 12 Tribes accept the revelation of the Torah at Sinai.

The k’vanna of shaking the 4 species in 6 dimensional directions while standing under the “Tent” of created by the s’chach duplicates the כסוי בה of the mitzva of tzitzit; the נשמל of the Mishkan Sinai revelation of prophetic mussar teaches that standing under the “tent” of the Mishkan לאו דוקא, makes an aliya of תולדות מצוות which do not require k’vanna to Av tohor wisdom-time oriented commandments which absolutely require כוונה.

Never simply: Talk to the HAND. As an Israeli notice how Jordan promotes British interests contrasted by that of the United States. The Talmud always opens with the minority opinion prior to the majority opinion. António Guterres is Portuguese, he promotes the hostility of French & British interests who prioritizes Obama internationalism vs national independence of nations. Contrast the impotence of climate change sky is falling with Nation State freedom: “Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness”. Illegal aliens not protected by the Bill of Rights. The American Revolution shattered the British empire in the New World. Followed up by the Monroe Doctrine which Israel applies to the Middle East and North Africa. From 1954 to 1962, France fought to retain Algeria as part of the French empire. The FLN insurgency, the Battle of Algiers, and systematic torture became the defining symbols of a war France won militarily but lost politically—a wound that fractured French society and defined postcolonial violence. Britain’s ‘two state solution’ has always produced war NOT peace: Britain divided India from Pakistan; Korea and Vietnam likewise divided – and war ensued. UN Chapter VII violates the Constitution of the United States.

Again wish to express my appreciation to Gamma Hans


Should … outa … pie in the sky speculations smell like fresh laid dog shit with powerful fire-crackers stuck in those poops ready to explode when young children and immature irrational teenagers emotionally walk by within range. Carter’s book Palestine: Peace Not Apartheid page 190 “Utilizing their political and military dominance, they are imposing a system of partial withdrawal, encapsulation, and apartheid on the Muslim and Christian citizens of the occupied territories. The driving purpose for the forced separation of the two peoples is unlike that in South Africa—not racism, but the acquisition of land. There has been a determined and remarkably effective effort to isolate settlers from Palestinians…” UN Charter’s prohibition on acquiring territory by force, a constitutive legal fiction, dolled up as “international law”.

The modern ‘blood libel’ analogy goes far beyond the specific slander aimed at Jews in the Middle Ages. But the hatred then and today a constant as proven through repeated riots across the US and European Universities after Oct7th 2023 massacre of Israelis. Any attempt to pigeon-hole “Blood libel” limited to the criminal European church’s whose post Shoah reputation – Dead as a doornail – conceals a hostile UN agenda against Israel.

Substantial evidence for the charge that parts of the UN system, specifically UNWRA schools and text-books, have treated Israel exceptionally. For example, one tally reports that the General Assembly adopted 14 resolutions focused on Israel in 2023, compared with eight focused on the rest of the world, and another reports 17 on Israel versus seven on all other countries in 2024.

The League of Nations was established after World War I through the Treaty of Versailles in1920. The United Nations was created during and immediately after World War II, with the UN Charter signed in 1945. The post–World War I settlement imposed severe terms on Germany: territorial losses, military restrictions, reparations, demilitarization of the Rhineland, and the controversial “war guilt” clause. These conditions fostered humiliation, resentment, economic and political instability, and helped the Nazis gain support. The “settlement” also created weaknesses that the League of Nations could not overcome—especially the absence of the United States.

Great Power interests compare by analogy to Apartheid South Africa. League and UN Bias toward maintaining a Roman/Byzantine Palestine sharply contrasts with all the African countries who have cast off European colonialist names and renamed their countries. No African country has kept any name impose upon them by the Romans/Byzantine empires – yet the demand to keep “Palestine” a shining contradiction.

After the Muslim conquest, Arabic-speaking governments used the related term Filastin. Its boundaries and political meaning changed repeatedly, but the name remained in geographic and religious use. Arab nations lost the wars of ’48 and ’67 yet the UN promotes “West Bank” over Israeli Samaria. Hogwash declarations which poo poo the UN’s preference as primarily legal and diplomatic rather than archaeological – amounts to revisionist history based upon 3379 and 2334 precedents — neither Resolution qualifies as neutral. Jordan in 1948 captured East Jerusalem and Samaria during the war. The armistice merely formalized the ceasefire line. Jordan defeated in ’67, yet the block head UN continues the “West Bank” which erases “Samaria”!

The 2334 language of “no legal validity”, that legal interpretation of sovereignty, occupation and Jewish settlements stands in stark opposition to Jordan’s 1948-67 which the UN indifference effectively recognized as legitimate sovereignty, as did the 1964 PLO charter! Only “Britain and Pakistan” refused to denounce Jordan’s annexation. The 1956 War conclusively proved that both London and Paris – their long imperialist empire traditions directly influenced the post ’67 242 Resolution. To argue that ‘West Bank’ as illegal occupied territory in point of fact serves the known imperialist interests of London and Paris, based upon the 1939 White Paper. The Chamberlain betrayal compares to limiting “Blood Libel” to the criminal church hundreds of years in the past! British imperial self-serving interests defines its concentration camps established in the Boer War and Jallianwala Bagh India massacre.

While Arab states condemned Jordan’s annexation in 1950, the UN member states never thereafter pursued this UN condemnation with further condemnations. This ‘Blood Libel’ analogy calls the UN, as an institution – dominated by the Great Powers – a lie. Wherein the UN portrayed through propaganda as neutral. Asymmetry of attention and condemnation defines it as a gossip society, rather than a legitimate neutral body ideal for nations to conduct diplomacy.

The narrow point of “Blood Libel” restricted to the evil dead Church — fails to recognize that UN 3379 & 2334 precedents emphatically do not speak the language of diplomacy. This analogy, that an institution presenting itself as an impartial authority can use morally loaded language while selectively applying scrutiny. Resolution 3379 did not speak in neutral diplomatic terms: it characterized Zionism itself as racism. Resolution 2334, framed in legal language, but “no legal validity” also a categorical political judgment, not merely a descriptive geographic label. Their language therefore supports the argument that UN discourse can transform contested political positions into supposedly objective moral or legal conclusions.

The choice of language: West Bank over Samaria qualifies as a UN Trojan Horse. The P-5 all prioritize strategic control/dominance over the balance of power in any given region of the world. The precedent of the ’56 Suez Crisis tersely summarizes their their lack of concern for the lives of “inferior” peoples, compares to slave ships throwing their slaves into the Sea when threatened by hostile naval boarding. Subjective primary interests shaped their delegates narratives whom London & Paris send to the UN. Obviously Obama starkly contrasts with the America First interests of President Trump. The UN may be a forum for diplomacy, but its record does not justify treating its language as presumptively neutral or its enforcement as consistently principled.

Torah common law/משנה תורה on the reading of Yom Kippur employs the language of משח concerning the House of Aaron. The NaCH and Talmud absolutely require Yovel freedom for the 12 Tribes and Sanhedrin משנה תורה legislative review over the statute laws passed by the 12 Tribes of the Republic. David never established Sanhedrin common law over the 12 Tribes. Aaron and his House anointed as “moshiach” to dedicate through the משל of korbanot צדק צדק תרדוף – Sanhedrin common law courtroom justice which sanctifies fair restitution of damages as the basis of Moshe taking Israel out of Egypt and purpose for Yehoshua conquering the land of Canaan. Moshiach has a Torah primary source in Moshe anointing the House of Aaron. The Dead Sea Scrolls (e.g., Community Rule 9:11) anticipate a Priest-Messiah superior to a King-Messiah. Attempts to validate the NT through Goyim who reject the revelation of the Torah proves zero. JeZeus had no Tribal Yichus based upon the gospel contradictions of pregnancy to another out of wedlock; a Greek Zeus father of Hercules precedent.

The fundamental flaw in the Rambam’s statute law King as “Judge” not a “Legislator” Hilchot Melachim 3:1 & 3:10… the Torah only directly mandates Sanhedrin courts. The subject of “king” a בדיעבד subject when it addresses copying the ways, customs and manners of the Goyim. The Yom Kippur Torah reading states this explicitly. Hilchot Melachim 1:4 falsely declares appointing a king as a positive commandment. דברים יז:טה makes the request for a king, according to Rashi as asking for a tyrant! Also שמואל א ח:ז clearly a Torah curse, comparable to the rains falling in the wrong season! The mitzva of Moshiach learns from מעשה בראשית the Av mussar theme of the entire Torah. בראשית introduces the נמשל of wisdom-time oriented commandments through the משל of Creation. Contrast the NT which violates this essential prophetic mussar, by teaching of a historical man rather than mussar applicable to all generations of Israel, as expressed through the burden: A) to establish Yovel liberty for the 12 Tribes of the Republic “through” צדק צדק תרדוף” judicial justice – the k’vanna of the mitzva of Moshiach.

The Catholic (Chapter VI/International law) UN & its subservient Protestant ICJ (SA accusation of Genocide) addicted to the Blood Libel LIE, that expands upon theology but reflects evil eye attempts to impose foreign interests upon Jews – essentially denying Jewish equal right to achieve self-determination in the lands of Judea & Samaria/post ’67 Israel. The classic (historical) scapegoating stateless refugee populations and recycling blood libel slanders to justify persecution and pogroms, witnessed post Oct 7th ‘River to the Sea’ ‘Not in our Name’, ‘Israel murders children ruthlessly across Gaza and Lebanon!” Nuremberg and Tokyo the criminals stood trial. The SA speculation before the UN, in no wise compares the one to the other.

Legal bodies frequently mask great-power politics and block-voting dynamics under the guise of “universal international law,” applying strictures to sovereign democracies while ignoring the explicit, unrevoked covenants of genocidal actors. The profound asymmetry in how international forums apply legal doctrines, historical memory, and accountability mechanisms reveals deep institutional double standards. The refusal of international bodies to address the systemic expulsion of nearly a million Jewish refugees from Arab lands—while laser-focused on selective, weaponized interpretations of Palestinian displacement—underscores a persistent historical blind spot. States act from self-interest, alliances, and security needs—not as puppets of a “global domination” Satanic-cabal.

The UN Charter resembles both the US Constitution and British Acts of Parliament which become the Constitution of Britain. Major ever repeating “dogs returning to eat their own vomit” … themes of the treif “Synagogue of Satan”. First and foremost – a modern conspiracy theory regarding Jewish global domination which regurgitates classic Xtian and Muslm replacement theologies where in JeZeus replaces the revelation of לשמה in the first Sinai commandment and Yishmael replaces Yitzak as the Father of the Chosen Cohen seed of the Avot as remembered in the לשמה t’shuva on Yom Kippur wherein Moshe Rabbeinu imposes t’shuva לשמה – יום הזכרון upon the local God of Sinai.

Hocus pocus “historical framing” voodoo – within international forums routinely suffers from selective amnesia. While post-1948 mechanisms (such as UN Resolution 194) were weaponized exclusively around Palestinian displacement, the simultaneous, violent expulsion and dispossession of nearly a full million Jewish refugees from Arab lands—beginning with the Farhud in Iraq in 1941—were systematically ignored by the very international bodies quick to cast moral reproaches. Furthermore, no UN condemnation of repeated Arab attempts at actual sworn dedications to genocide the Jews in ’48, ’67 & post Oct 7th 2023 exposes the one-sided nature of the ICJ SA accusation against Israel.

Many scholars of the NT book of Revelation’s argue that John of Patmos – the author of that book of Xtian mysticism which stands in the shadow of the mystic Book of Daniel. Church leaders addicted to blood libel slanders repeated over and again throughout history. Employed as Xtian wishful conspiracy speculations to justify brutal pogroms and forced population transfers of Jewish Stateless refugee populations! Catholic UN likewise employs the slander, hence blood libel comparison, of “international law” void of War and treaties as the historic foundation of “international law” rather than the post WWII UN gossip society which promotes groupy-block voting in the GA and SC great power imperialism; not the place for the SC to declare or morally rebuke Israel who defeated Nassers’ attempt to throw the Jews into the Sea.

Andrew Carrington Hitchcock, author of the modern book The Synagogue of Satan: The Secret History of Jewish World Domination, published by RiverCrest Publishing in the mid-2000s. stands in the shadows of the Czarist secret police book: Protocols of the Elders of Zion. Post WWII the Great Power creation of the United Nations, supported by FDR’s replacement President Truman, stands in stark contrast to Senator Long who lead the opposition in the Senate, which fundamentally rejected the League of Nations. President Truman employed the UN Chapter VII vote, to justify a “Police Action” which by-passed the Constitutional authority of Congress to declare war.

The “treif” history, meaning the repetitive propaganda which unilaterally condemns Jews by mob lynching parties – these classic post Bar Kochba disaster – wherein Rome and other nations thereafter unilaterally changed the name of Judea to Syria-Palestine, defines the Central European imperialism UN dominated theme, which relies on the aggressive application of replacement theories as expressed through both the NT and Koran – the best examples: the UN insistence upon “West Bank” reflective of the evil shadow cast by the coward Chamberlain 1939 White Paper; guilty of repudiation of the Balfour Declaration which defines the intent of Herzl’s “Political Zionism”.

Catholic United Nation “replacement theology\international law” – Pie in the Sky – replaces the defunct and totally post Shoah discredited JeZeus Church & Nakba Allah – Dead Gods with its ”international law” canard. Compare Hitchcock’s work which effectively updates the Czarist secret police’s fabrications for a modern audience, maintaining the “Synagogue of Satan” label not as a biblical inquiry, but as a slander for a perceived global conspiracy; South African accusation of genocide supported by the ICC! As the Protocols of the Elders of Zion a well-documented Czarist secret police fabrication, plagiarized largely from a 19th-century French political satire against Napoleon III so too and how much more so the ICC has zero jurisdiction over Israel or Russia or the US due to their refusal to recognize the Rome Treaty. The ICJ most fundamentally not the ICC, and neither one “subservient” to the other. They exist as separate organs with different mandates: the ICJ settles disputes between states under the Genocide Convention. that the ICJ case judges a state-vs-state convention dispute, never an Arab Palestinian state in all recorded Human History.

Pre & Post-Shoah, millions of Jewish refugees faced displacement from Europe, the Middle East, and virtuall all Arab countries. Justice defined as fair restitution of damages inflicted. Jews robbed murdered and raped lost roughly five times the property of post ’67 Israel. Consequent to decades of British evil eye Mandate restrictions and Arab forced populations transfers starting in 1941 Iraq, & rejection of the Peel Commission partition\UN 181. Yet the post Oct 7th 2023 reactionary UN evil eye condemns the leaders of Israel as “War Criminals”! And mobs across Europe and the US declare “From the River to the Sea Palestine must be free” utterly oblivious of where the river and where the Sea! Justice has nothing with emotion laden lynch mob blood libel slander.

The טיפש פשט literalism which attempts to separate the ICJ from the ICC utterly pathetic. As the saying goes: “Follow the money”. Just as a dog employs its superior nose to follow a trail, so too State interests shape great power politic efforts to dominate the balance of power in any given region of the Planet Earth throughout Human history. Treaties and signed alliance between nation states shape “international law” not decrees that Gaza rule by Hamas, (a rejector of the Oslo Accords) regardless part of the PA! Hamas slaughtered the PA and expelled its supporters from Gaza and Arafat failed to amend his 1964\1968 PLO Charter which he obligated the PA to do upon signing the Oslo Accords.

That Brazil and Belgium support the South African slander of Israel – all these countries have a long history of anti Israel policy interests like SA has a reputation of Apartheid! Israel has an alliance with the US the ICC arrest warrants simply a fart of hot air. President Truman’s police action in Korea set the stage for LBJ’s police action in Vietnam. The disgrace of that first American defeat in war witnessed Congress passage of the War Powers Act!

In the 2016 GOP debates candidate Trump mocked the Bush family for their stupidity. In the 2024 GOP debates Vivek Ramaswamy openly supported and agreed with President Trump’s mockery of the Bush betrayal of “No nation building” invasion of Iraq and vile Patriot Act. Currently the Communist Labor PM of Britain supported by France and a host of other European countries whose imperialism seeks to impose – outside of the UN SC itself – a foreign two state solution! In short, the UN gossip society has not mandate/protectorate over Israel post 1948 Independence.

The GA 181 recommendation cannot bind Israel unilaterally, and “unilateral acceptance = binding obligation” not a doctrine in international law. Unilateral acts can create obligations but only where the state manifests clear intent to be bound — and Israel’s own position since 1948, that it accepted 181 as a title to statehood, not as a permanent boundary or settlement scheme. Rejection by all Arab countries that dhimmi Jews do not merit 181 self-determination without mutual consent there is no pacta sunt servanda. An obligation that binds one belligerent while its opponent repudiated the same instrument with no consequence is not law, it’s leverage. UN 194 fails to address Jewish refugees violently expelled, starting in Iraq in 1941.

The GA 181 recommendation cannot bind Israel unilaterally, and “unilateral acceptance = binding obligation” not a doctrine in international law. Unilateral acts can create obligations but only where the state manifests clear intent to be bound — and Israel’s own position since 1948, that it accepted 181 as a title to statehood, not as a permanent boundary or settlement scheme. Rejection by all Arab countries that dhimmi Jews do not merit 181 self-determination without mutual consent there is no pacta sunt servanda. An obligation that binds one belligerent while its opponent repudiated the same instrument with no consequence is not law, it’s leverage.

UN 194 unenforced and asymmetrically enforced. It totally ignores Jewish refugees violently expelled, starting in Iraq in 1941. This makes 194 actually harsher on the UN, because void implies the instrument died while asymmetry implies 194 kept alive only against one side. UN resolutions 181 a lapsed recommendation whose continued citation against Israel exposes selective propaganda; 194 unenforced and institutionally one-sided, continued citation selective. The South Africa–Israel proceedings have no connection with the ICC over-reach case or as a criminal conviction. The ICJ weighs a state-to-state dispute under the Genocide Convention, while the ICC separately investigates alleged crimes by individuals under a contested territorial-jurisdiction theory.

An Israeli prior to the sealing of the ר”ה din upon the brit

Repentance has no connection what so ever with t’shuva; anymore than pity the same as רחום which the sodomite church & mosque pervert as as pity/mercy; anymore than prayer the same as תפילה which the sodomite church& mosque pervert as pleading to some God in the Heavens rather the dedication of tohor Spirits within the heart.

Quoting a Gemara requires understanding how that Gemarah interprets the intent of the Mishna it comments upon. Torah/Talmudic common law stands upon precedents. Goyim have never grasped this basic fundamental ever. Paul so reminds me of Natan of Gaza the false prophet who promoted Shabbetai Tzvi. In 1648 terminated the 30 year war blood bath where Goyim slaughtered one another on the scaled that duplicated WWI with half the population size! Together with the Cossack revolt in the Ukraine against the Poles, no records kept of that blood bath! Jews fled from the Poop of Rome’s ghetto gulag war crimes to the East – hence out of the fire into the frying pan.

Both av tumah avoda zarah religions preach belief in One Universal Gawd. The Nicene Creed produced the theology of Trinity “mystery” and the Koran declared the Tawhid One Nakba Allah – both dead Gods. Xtians eat pork and Muslims eat camel — neither understands what tohor refers to. Both rely upon false translations and both deny the existence of the Oral Torah revelation of “tohor” Spririts. Both sets of translations as false as a whore who declares herself a virgin. Two sides of the same coin – Av tumah avoda zara. Both never accept the revelation of the Torah at Sinai.

An old saying: follow the money. Same applies to Palestine. Moshe Gil (1921–2014), best known for his research on Jewish life in the Middle East during the early medieval period. Johns Hopkins University Library: describes the Cairo Geniza as documenting about a thousand years of history and as one of the world’s largest collections of medieval manuscripts. Cambridge and Princeton Universities likewise acknowledge the Cairo Geniza as a Primary Source of historical scholarship. The Cairo Geniza simplly a collection of private and communal documents, NOT a treaty, constitutional instrument, or claim of sovereignty. It does contain references to the land of Israel in religious, communal and/or geographic landuage.

When Arab Muslim armies defeated the Byzantine Empire in the Levant during the seventh century, they conquered territories that included the Byzantine provinces of Palaestina. Those provinces descended administratively from the Roman province renamed Syria Palaestina after the suppression of the Bar Kokhba revolt in 135 CE.

The main scholarly disputes concern when the provinces were created, how they were formed, and where their borders lay. The evidence is incomplete and sometimes contradictory, so the following points should not be treated as settled facts. One view places the creation of Palaestina Tertia/Salutaris under Diocletian, around the late third or early fourth century. Another view argues that Tertia was created or re-created only in the late fourth century, perhaps around 389–390. Some scholars argue that Tertia was detached from the Roman province of Arabia, especially because it included southern Transjordan and the region around Petra. Others argue that it was formed from Palaestina, or from territory that had shifted between Arabia and Palaestina several times. Petra is commonly presented as the capital of Palaestina Tertia.

One interpretation sees the division into Prima, Secunda, and Tertia as a single administrative reform. Another proposes a two-stage process: first, Palaestina Salutaris/Tertia was separated from the main province, and later Palaestina Secunda was created from the northern territories. Some scholars place the creation of Secunda in the same late-fourth-century reform that produced Tertia. Others infer from inscriptions at Scythopolis/Beit She’an that the northern province may have had a distinct administrative status before the final threefold division.

Prima is generally associated with the coastal plain, Judaea, and Samaria, with its capital at Caesarea. Its eastern and southern boundaries remain debated because the provinces were not simply divided into modern “west-bank” and “east-bank” territories. Administrative areas could extend across the Jordan River, and borders changed over time. Therefore misleading to represent Prima as exclusively west of the Jordan or to assign every city permanently to one province.

Secunda is generally connected with Galilee, the Jezreel Valley, northern Transjordan, and the Golan, with Scythopolis as its administrative center. The disputed issue is how far east and north it extended, particularly around the Golan, the Decapolis, and the Jordan Valley. Some reconstructions give Secunda a broad transjordanian territory, while others draw a more restricted boundary. Many scholars use Palaestina Tertia and Palaestina Salutaris as equivalent names. Others treat “Salutaris” as an earlier or overlapping administrative designation rather than simply an identical province at every point in time.

Justinian’s Novella 103 says that Palestine, formerly one province, was later divided into three. Some scholars interpret this as evidence for a single division into three provinces. The safest overall conclusion is that the three provinces were real late Roman/Byzantine administrative units, but their formation was probably gradual, and their boundaries—especially those of Palaestina Tertia, Petra, and the territories east of the Jordan—cannot be reconstructed with complete certainty.

After the Franco-Prussian War, Germany annexed Alsace and part of Lorraine under the Treaty of Frankfurt (1871). It was returned to France after Germany’s defeat in World War I under the Treaty of Versailles (1919). Akin to Jordan which annexed the West Bank post the 1948 Israeli war of Independence. Prussia acquired large Polish territories during the partitions of Poland. Hence Prussia the dominant kingdom within the Germanic 2nd Empire – founded in 1871. After WWI some former Prussian Polish territories to the re-established Polish state, particularly under the Treaty of Versailles. After WWII, the former German province of East Prussia – divided; its northern section awarded to the USSR—today mostly Russia’s Kaliningrad region—and its southern section went to Poland. The name “Prussia” formally abolished in 1947.

Post the ’67 June War Israel likewise abolished Jordan’s illegal West Bank annexation. The Oral Torah 4th middah רחום distinguished from the curse of pity. This blessing middah applicable within the lands sworn to the Avot learns by comparing the stubborn rebellious minor, the slaughter of father and children in the Korach revolt and the command to obliterate through genocide the nations of Canaan.

This 4th middah addresses ברכת כהנים when Israel goes to war with Goyim. The brit of life/death-blessing\curse clarifies the distinction between לשמה בארץ from לא לשמה בגלות. Hence the extremity of the precedents listed in the previous paragraph interprets how the middah of רחום blesses our people to rule the land with justice – fair compensation of damages inflicted by our people upon our people – contrasted by the complete barbarity Jews experienced during the Shoah in g’lut. This tohor middah hinges upon Israelis not assimilating to the customs and manners practiced by Goyim religions of av tumah avoda zarah and not intermarrying with the alien people who reject the revelation of the Torahs at Sinai and Horev.