The Mishna model employs Case/Din as its judicial sh’itta of “common law”. Torah a common law mussar methodology. A Goy, regardless of the generation born, never accepted the revelation of the first or second Sinai commandments which Israel did with נעשה ונשמע. Israel never received the rest of the Torah until Moshe came down from Sinai the 2nd time after Yom Kippur where HaShem annulled his vow and made t’shuva (HaShem remembered” the oaths sworn to the Avot that they and only they would father the chosen Cohen people).
Therefore Goyim in all generations reject Leviticus 22:32 because they by the 2nd Sinai commandment worship other Gods. Deuteronomy 22:2–3 deals with bnai brit allies, not foreign Goyim enemies in times of war. Deut. 16:18; 17:14–20 – when David became king he married multiple wives; his son Shlomo worshipped avoda zarah consequent to his assimilation and foreign wives! Both men failed to establish the Sanhedrin Federal Courts which include the Cities of Refuge. Shlomo exiled his own teacher who cursed David as he fled from the Avshalom revolt! Yerushalem – should have served as the “Hub” of the Great Sanhedrin – and not as the small Sanhedrin Federal “spokes” wheel – cities of refuge. Proof that neither king David or Shlomo established the Torah constitutional mandate of Sanhedrin common law courts! Hence the specific of “blood on his hands” Natan rebuked king David’s failure to judge Uriah through Sanhedrin courts.
Lev. 19:16 לשון הרע does not apply to Goyim. Goyim reject the revelation of the Torah. Torah לא בשמים היא. Goyim absolutely reject judicial justice as their faith. The Goyim NT/Koran – both not under the law anymore than the Philistines!
1 Sam 17:26 contained within the larger sugya of 17:26- 33 Young David holds Goyim in utter contempt. Shall Jews today hold post Shoah Xtians and Muslims in equal contempt? The Rambam heretic abandoned Oral Torah פרדס inductive reasoning and attempted to cause Israel to forget the Oral Torah interpretive logic in favor of assimilated Greek/Arabic syllogism deductive logic. The avoda zara of the Rambam embraced the foreign alien av tuma avoda zarah of some Universal Monotheistic God; he validated that Jews could dav’en in Mosques and his 7 mitzvot bnai noach perverted 7 mitzvot ger toshav unto applicable unto all Goyim. Utter nonsense. Among the Reshonim he stands alone in ruling halacha from aggadic sources!
Pikuach nefesh and communal duty learns from Exodus 23:7. The story of young David and the over-reaction by his older brother reached the ear of king Shaul who had already failed to kill the Amalek king and therefore the prophet Shmuel had already secretly anointed David as Moshiach. Eliab exposed the tuma midda of צר עיין toward his younger brother David. Alien statute law follows the logical foible of appealing to authority. Hence the Torah constitutional mandate of Sanhedrin courts empowers the Great Sanhedrin court “legislative review”. Which “Elohim” commanded the prophet Shmuel to anoint David as king? Based upon the כלל — תורה לא בשמים היא? Hence Shmuel as a prophet of the Sanhedrin court obeyed the ruling of the Sanhedrin אלהים and anointed David as Moshiach and rejected Shaul as Moshiach.
“Kolot u’Lapidim” — a metaphor combining two images: “voices” (kolot) represent noise, opinions, ideas, or vocal testimonies; “torches” (lapidim) represent light, attention, drama, or emotional flare-ups. Together it suggests an outpouring of voices that illuminate or ignite attention — a loud, attention-grabbing clamor that sparks emotional or public reaction.
The Reshonim such as both Rambam and later Kuzari both embraced as did the earlier Tzeddukim – Greek logic preferred over פרדס inductive logic. Early 16th Century Sforno serves as an example of ירידות הדורות, the domino effect of forgetting the Oral Torah as established in the Hanukkah blessing in ברכת המזון. Furthermore, ברית does not correctly translate into covenant. The latter term employed throughout the NT & Koran falls flat. A brit alliance requires שם ומלכות; the רוח הקודש Name of the 1st Sinai commandment and dedication of specific Oral Torah middot אל רחום וחנון etc. Hence the middle blessing of the Shemone Esrei affix the 13 blessing to these specific Oral Torah middot revealed to Moshe on Yom Kippur after the sin of the Golden Calf. The 13 middot function as pronouns to the רוח הקודש first commandment Name.
ונקדשתי בתוך בני ישראל – ויקרא כב:לב stands upon swearing Torah oaths during all korbanot dedications. This verse instructs the mussar נמשל of the Mishkan משל. Just as toldot blessing require שם ומלכות how much more so to dedicate any korban לשמה requires שם ומלכות. The alien utterly foreign pollution that confuses brit with covenant totally and completely false.
Goyim not automatically ‘enemies’. Antisemitism learns from the eternal commandment to war against Amalek. The language of D’varim amplifes the language of Sh’mot. Goyim by definition do not possess יראת אלהים because they worship other Gods – the 2nd Sinai commandment. Therefore the Zohar applies the lack of יראת אלהים to the ערב רב who came out of Egypt with Moshe! Esav as a people no different from the Philistines as a people. Both this and that nations became extinct. Hence יראת אלהים defines the k’vanna of the 2nd Sinai commandment. Jews who worship avoda zarah through assimilation and intermarriage – אין להם יראת אלהים … the eternal Torah curse of Amalek throughout the generations.
Prophets command mussar in order to enforce Sanhedrin court room rulings. תורה לא בשמים היא. Sanhedrin 2a, states that a king a prophet can anoint as Moshiach without the presence of the Sanhedrin, specifically in instances where no designated heir lives. However, both prophets and Sanhedrin courts only exist when Israel keeps the Yovel freedom commandment. During the whole of the בית שני Jews never observed neither Yovel nor prophets once Jews realized that Cyrus built the Temple in the days of Ezra to rule Judea as a banana republic. Even Rambam acknowledges the pre-condition of Yovel. Because Jewish political independence ie king, absolutely requires Jewish sovereignty.
Furthermore, the Talmud debates who merit greater respect 1. a king or 2. a Torah sage? The Talmud rules that a Torah sage merits greater respect because a person who learns לשמה one in 10,000 whereas any Jew, even a forced convert like Herod can rule as a king!
Arakhin 15b Talmudic judicial common law does not apply not to Xtians as taught by the apostle Paul nor to Muslims which deny the Avot as the fathers of the chosen Cohen people. Clearly the blood libels and host desecration slanders prove that Goyim morality views לשון הרע not as one of the prime causes of the g’lut of the Wilderness generations caused consequent to the spies report of giants in the land. In Hilchot Lashon Hara, rabbi Yisrael Meir Kagan writes that it is not necessarily forbidden for Jews to speak lashon hara about Goyim! Perhaps based upon a Baali Tosafot manuscript which writes מותר גניבת גוי. The Ramban does not explicitly state that lashon hara applies to Goy. The language of these rabbis supports a “universal moral standard”, despite the cold fact that only Israel accepted the Torah revelation at Sinai. HaShem a local tribal god, not a Monotheistic Universal God. Monotheism by definition violates the 2nd Sinai commandment.
Sanhedrin 56-60: This Aggadic passage outlines the Seven Noahide Laws, associating them with righteousness for only the ger toshav because only when the Yovel operates Jews can establish and operate Capital Crimes Sanhedrin courts. The Torah establishes ger toshav and nacree in the Book of D’varim. Baba Kama affixes nacree which it called Canaani which referred to the rejection of the Shomronim which Ezra rejected to assist in building king Cyrus’s Temple. Tosefta Avodah Zarah 9 the status of gere toshav goyim. Midrash Bereishit Rabbah 16 elaborates on the moral imperatives for humanity which the Goyim dispersed following the tower of babel and Sodom clearly rejected. Ramban on Bereishit 34 did not dispute with Rambam’s universal ethics fraud. Proof of the domino effect which the sages describe as ירידות הדורות. The Meiri wrote his commentary to the Talmud on the same year that all British Jews expelled from England in 1290!
Torah prophets follow the model of Moshe Rabbeinu. Moshe sat as the Nasi of the Great Sanhedrin court. National destiny – the brit of blessings vs curses: the first two Sinai commandments.
The casuistic nature of the Mishnah allows for flexibility and adaptability in legal reasoning, enabling the application of Jewish law to a wide range of real-life situations. It signifies a methodology where halacha derived from particular Mishnaic case studies, fostering a required depth analysis of Mishnaic language based upon Gemara halachic precedents. Prophets cannot create halakha (Shabbat 104a, Bava Metzia 59b). All nations heard the revelation (Mechilta, Shemot 20). But only Israel accepted the Sinai revelation. Sinai was a cosmic event, not tribal (Ramban, Kuzari, Sforno). This interpretation reflects a broader, philosophical understanding rather than a strictly textual analysis from the Talmud. And since “philosphy” an imported Greek assimilation, by definition invalid regardless of the stature of the assimilated Reshon authority.
Later opinion made by Jewish authorities concerning Goyim falls outside of the jurisdiction of g’lut rabbis to determine. G’lut Jewish refugees often enjoyed no legal or even social rights. The Chafetz Chaim, for example, died the same year that Hitler voted in as Chancellor! The second Sinai commandments do not employ the language “do not worship intermediaries”. The language of the 2nd Commandment stands upon the precedent of the 10 plagues which judged the Gods of Egypt.
The medieval Karaite anti-philosophical polemic indeed generally rejected Greek philosophy, particularly the ideas of Plato and Aristotle, across the board. They maintained that reliance on rationalist philosophy diverges from a faithful interpretation of the Hebrew Scriptures. Their stance reflects the commitment to scriptural authority and their disapproval of all Greek philosophical speculations. Herein separates the Karaites from the earlier Tzeddukim, where the latter emphatically embraced like obedient kapo Jews Greek tenets of philosophy and logic. This Karaim resemble the Tzeddukim in their obtuse literalism of reading the language of Torah as Divine rather than the Constitution which mandates משנה תורה legislative review through פרדס Oral Torah inductive reasoning. Both כרת societies rejected the revelation of the 13 Oral Torah middot spirits revealed at Horev – just as did the Rambam statute halacha – organized on the model of Greek and Roman statute law.
The Rif, two generations before the Rambam. Just as the Creation story introduces the concept of Torah wisdom commandments/time-oriented mitzvot rather than the actual creation of the Universe. Torah commands mussar it does not dictate history. Hence a reading of NaCH prophets as history rather than mussar misses the boat on par with how Goyim read their Genesis translation of the Creation!
Amalek = only assimilated and intermarried Jews; the fundamental k’vanna of the 2nd Sinai commandment not to worship other Gods. ירידות הדורות learns from the curse of Civil Wars Natan placed upon the kingdom of David when he profaned his Moshiach anointing in the matter of Uriah and the establishment of Federal Sanhedrin court system/בית המקדש. King Shlomo clearly ignored the prophetic mussar of Natan just as did his son, who chose to listen to his young buck advisors at Sh’Cem.