Proverbs 24:12 compares to Ezekiel 18:30-32, where Moshe calls the people to t’shuva and emphasizes the importance of returning to righteousness. Deuteronomy 28 compares to Jeremiah 17:5-8. and Psalms 1.

Exodus 21, which outlines various laws and obligations regarding personal rights and responsibilities, can be compared to specific precedents found in different parts of the T’NaCH. Both Exodus 21 and Deuteronomy contain laws aimed at creating a fair and just society, emphasizing community responsibility. Amos 5:7-12, n this passage, the prophet Amos admonishes Israel for their injustices and highlights the importance of righteousness. Exodus 21 emphasizes obligations to ensure justice, while Amos condemns the failure to uphold those laws, linking legal obligations to prophetic mussar. Micah 6:8, this verse speaks to the requirement of acting justly, loving mercy, and walking humbly with HaShem; humility understood as the dominance of dedicated tohor middot over tuma middot within the opposing Yatzirot within the heart. The essence of legal obligations in Exodus 21 – echoed here, as the Micah דיוק makes a succinct summarization of the prophetic mussar rebuke imperatives that underpin the Torah oath brit common judicial laws which highlight personal responsibility for justice in the oath sworn chosen Cohen lands. Each of these texts reflects these Torah mussar themes of justice, responsibility, and community – a mussar articulated in Exodus 21.

The Torah concepts of responsibility and Torah obligations share absolutely no common denominator-ground with Luke 12:47. Luke 12:47 states, “And that servant who knew his master’s will but did not prepare himself or do according to his will shall be beaten with many stripes.” This nonsense phony declaration has no precedent in T’NaCH literature.

Proverbs 24:12 and Ezekiel 18:30-32 center on the importance of awareness and accountability regarding one’s actions. Both passages urge individuals to recognize their transgressions and remember the oaths sworn by the Avot and consequently return to righteous behavior. Illustrating the fundamental need to remember prophetic mussar rebukes in order to due t’shuva based upon the Torah blessing/curse concerning inheriting the oath sworn lands as the chosen Cohen people who keep and observe their own unique cultures and customs which separate Torah wisdom from Goyim wisdom.

Luke 12:47 does not even imply the need to due t’shuva consequent to hearing prophetic mussar rebukes. Jeremiah warns against reliance on flawed Goyim alien wisdom, instead urging faith in judicial common law courtroom justice. Jeremiah accurately reflect the prophetic mussar theme found in Deuteronomy 28 about the relationship between consequences to the oath brit blessing/curse obligations of life or death which Moshe Rabbeinue cut with the Chosen Cohen people alone. Psalms 1 complements this by expounding on the blessings of living in accordance with Torah Sanhedrin ‘Temple’ courtroom judicial justice-legislative review of all government statute laws.

Exodus 21 outlines specific laws regarding judicial common law justice and personal obligations. The idea of ‘rights’ of citizens, more a 18th Century American and French revolution political idea. Torah faith as the righteous pursuit of justice among our conflicting peoples, resonates throughout T’NaCH texts, such as Amos 5:7-12, where Amos critiques judicial injustices in society and emphasizes the importance of righteous judicial courtroom justice which sanctifies making a fair restoration of damages inflicted by a רשע upon the innocent.

Micah 6:8, summarizing the Torah ideal for its judicial common-law domination over governmental statute laws. Its calls for judicial justice, mercy, and humility, reinforces the priority obligations presented in Exodus 21. The 4th Oral Torah middah רחום learns from Torah תורה בניני אבות of the commandment to uproot the nations of Canaan from the land, the stubborn and rebellious son, the eternal war against Amalek consequent to Jewish avoda zara where Jews lack fear of Elohim consequent to their cultural assimilation to foreign peoples’ customs and cultures and intermarriage with these alien foreign people to reject the revelation of the Torah at Sinai. The middah of רחום completely apart and different from pity. The life/death oath brit flips to Torah curses if Israel behaves like the Canaanite nations or the stubborn and rebellious child or the assimilated ערב רב that came out of Egypt and had no fear of Elohim. Torah curses compare to the guillotine blade that cut off the heads of king Louis XV and Marie Antoinette.

Proverbs 24:12 – t’shuva & accountability, awareness leads to a return to the path of the pursuit of righteous judicial justice among and between the Jewish people. Deuteronomy 28 – Actions of injustice leads to Torah curses raining down upon Israel, comparable to the plagues which afflicted Par’o and Egypt in the days of Moshe and Aaron. Ezekiel 18:30-32 – this prophetic mussar rebukes all generations of Israel – to forever strive to pursue righteous judicial justice – fair compensation of damages – to our people.

Jeremiah 17:5-8, this prophetic mussar provokes Israel to remember the brit of Life or Death as our fear of heaven. Do not rely upon the strength of the Horse to bring salvation. But rather fair judicial courtroom justice among our people – this מלאכה זמן גרמא מצוה creates the guardian תמיד מעשה בראשית – מלאכים which cause Israel to prevail over our enemies during times of war – as the wisdom of the Torah; Goyim wisdom relies primarily upon innovations in warfare. Psalms 1 supports the consequence of righteous judicial justice within the lands of the chosen Cohen peoples’ Republic. The prophetic mussar of Amos 5:7-12 threatens the rebuke of Torah curses of death and g’lut/exile. Whereas Micah 6:8 serves as the prophetic mussar דיוק/inference upon Amos 5:7-12.

Luke 12:47, this: the Protocols of the Elders of Zion Roman forgery, totally and completely alien to prophet T’NaCH mussar. It reflects a different context of responsibility that emphasizes only knowledge dread of the direct consequences of a hierarchical, servant-master relationship. Israel Torah wisdom freed from Egyptian slave bondage, NOT to change one Slave Master for another Slave Master!

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When You Know What to Do But Don’t Do It

The circumstances surrounding the mythical birth JeZeus where the Father Zeus transformed a bastard child into the only begotten Son of God; the Torah commandment against adultery overshadowed by the birth of the only begotten son of Father Zeus. This mythical revisionist history work of pure Harry Potter fiction depicted as actual physical history qualifies as gross revisionist history and denial of T’NaCH prophetic mussar which does NOT teach history. Why? Because history a study of the past whereas prophetic mussar the application of prophetic rebuke within the Yatzir Ha’Tov of the hearts of Jews living today.

Prophetic mussar compares to seeds sown into the Earth to produce a crop. Mussar growth grows at its own pace & time inside the hearts of each and every individual Jew throughout the generations. History studies only impact knowledge held within the brain whereas prophetic mussar directly impacts the Yatzir Ha’Tov within the heart.

The camouflage fiction story of Mary’s conception of JeZeus by the Holy Spirit – Av tuma theological avoda zarah. Holy Spirit a direct reference to the Spirit Name revealed in 1st Sinai commandment which the NT totally ignores and perverts in the Name of JeZeus.

The birth of Hercules emphasizes Zeus’s authority and capability to transcend natural order, asserting his role as a god in human affairs. The JeZeus story actively depends upon the writings of the Apostle Paul whose letters preceded the publication of the much later Gospel works of fiction. The framers of the NT Protocols of the Elders of Zion forgery inverted the sequential Order; they introduce the Gospels – written after the letters of Paul! The Apostle Paul’s narrative of the “Fall of Adam and his banishment from the Garden of Eden serves as the first introduction of Fire and Brimstone, Mankind condemned to eternal hellfire and damnation till the birth of JeZeus who saves!

This demigod JeZeus messiah savior, the hero of NT mythology. Xtian theology steals and borrows much of its theological premises from the Ancient Greek Hero literature. The Torah’s commandment against adultery goes hand in glove with the Torah mitzva of kiddushin. The stark ignorance of the NT fraud forgery of these critical positive and negative Torah commandment definitively proves this Rome NT forgery as a functioning Protocols of the Elders of Zion Czar secret police fraud slander.

Torah common law instructs judicial courtroom jurisprudence – as expressed through the Talmud. The Church abomination publicly burned the Talmud because the Talmud categorically rejections Greek/Roman philosophy employed to shape and determine theological rhetoric propaganda narratives. The NT Harry Potter messiah story appeals to irrational emotions gut felt emotions rather than cold Talmudic inductive reasoning which compares a judicial case to other prior judicial case Courtroom ruling based upon the strict struction of inductive reasoning. The latter ordered Case/Rule comparison compared to similar but different Case/Rule judicial rulings directly compares to the strict structure that a sonnet requires. Obviously not in a literal 13 line since but rather as a משל\נמשל Par’o dreams and Yosef’s interpretations sense.

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January 2 Matthew 1:18-25

The Codex Sinaiticus is significant in biblical scholarship, but it does not explicitly include the Nicene Creed itself. However, its contents reflect early Christian theology, which aligns with the Nicene understanding of the Trinity. The Nicene Creed was formulated in AD 325 at the First Council of Nicaea to address debates over the nature of Christ and the Trinity. It affirms the divinity of the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. The text within Codex Sinaiticus, including various New Testament writings (like Philippians), supports the core concepts of the Trinity as expressed in the Nicene Creed. Passages affirming the divinity and humanity of Christ—such as Philippians 2:5-11—align with Nicene teachings. The theological sentiments present in the manuscript reflect a developing understanding of beliefs that would be formalized in creeds like the Nicene.

Philippians 2:5-11 aligns with Nicene teachings which violate the First and Second Commandments of Sinai – a complex theological assertion. First Commandment: I am HaShem who brought you out of Egypt, out of the house of bondage. The Nicene Creed makes absolutely no reference to the revelation of this first Commandment Divine Name. Translating the Divine Name into other words duplicates the Sin of the Golden calf wherein the mixed multitudes, which the Torah describes as people who had no fear of “Elohim”.

Why did the Torah refer to the very error of the mixed multitudes who translated the Spirit Name revelation – first Sinai commandment with the word “Elohim”. The Torah directly commands not to compare the revelation of the Spirit Name not to anything in the Earth, Heavens, or Seas –yet would permit word translations which ignore the revelation of the Sinai Divine Spirit which so horrified Israel that they thought they would die after hearing only the first two commandments; therefore Israel demanded from Moshe that he rise up upon Sinai and receive the rest of the Torah!

The Second Commandment does not say You shall not make for yourself an idol; as if avoda zarah – the Av tuma negative commandment of Sinai – limit itself to physical graven images. The T’NaCH defines the intent of the 2nd Sinai commandment to A) Do not follow the cultures and customs/practices of peoples who rejected the revelation at Sinai. B) Do not marry any man or woman of these alien foreign peoples who rejected the revelation of the Torah at Sinai. Both the New Testament and Koran – no different than the worship of Baal. Only the 12 Tribes of Israel accepted the Sinai revelation. The revelation of this local god differs totally and completely from the Monotheistic theological creed creation of new Gods as expressed by both the authors of the New Testament and Koran.

Furthermore Philippians 2:5-11 likewise perverts the Torah mitzva of Moshiach unto some “Savior of death”, in accordance with the Apostle Paul’s perversion of the exile of Adam from the Garden (A major Torah theme likewise expressed in the stories of Noach, Israel in Egypt, and the 40 years in the Wilderness.), as the fall of all Man Kind condemned to eternal death till the NT theology of messiah created a new Universal God which defeats Satan and frees Man kind from the prison of Hell.

The theology of Monotheism, this creed subverts the revelation of the Divine Spirit Presence revealed in the First Sinai commandment. This Spirit not a word which Human lips can pronounce. Hence the theology of monotheism utterly and totally rejects the revelation of the Divine Spirit Name revealed in the first Sinai commandment. Furthermore, the theology creeds which pervert the 2nd Sinai commandment limited strictly and only to physical idols (a fundamental dispute which separates Catholic and Protestant theology to this very day), utterly ignores the Torah commandment as interpreted by the stories of King Shlomo’s foreign wives and Ezra’s commandment for Israel to divorce their foreign wives.

The First Commandment states, “I am HaShem your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt.” It focuses on HaShem’s identity and His relationship with Israel, rather than explicitly declaring monotheism as understood in later avoda zarah theological frameworks. HaShem judging the Egyptian gods implies that the existence of other deities reject the avoda zarah simplistic theology as defined by the established creeds of both religious belief systems. Torah defines the pursuit of judicial justice as FAITH, not believe in some Trinity or Allah as faith. This distinction highlights a relationship based on an oath brit alliance rather than a theological religious “covenant”. The Hebrew term brit does not correctly translate as “covenant”.

Implications for Worship: known as the mitzva of Avodat HaShem refers to doing time oriented commandments during the 6 days of the week and ceasing to do time oriented commandments on the day of Shabbat. Based upon the creation story of בראשית/Genesis. Neither the NT nor Koran accepted the revelation of the first two Sinai commandments; therefore both fraudulent religions reject the revelation of the Torah at Sinai.

The Xtian creed of Holy Spirit has no connection what so ever with the Divine Presence Spirit Name revealed in the first Sinai commandment. The koran replacement theology of Allah no different than the error of the Nicene creed Holy Spirit. Only Israel accepted the Torah at Sinai, HaShem by definition a local tribal god and not some grand Universal Monotheistic God as both Xtianity and Islam dictates. Peoples around the world throughout the span of Human history worship and believe in other Gods. To negate the existence of other Gods therefore constitutes as revisionist history.

Time oriented commandments express a Torah wisdom not bound by some child-like rote understanding which limits “time” as some linear event. Torah wisdom, such as required to build the Mishkan, herein serves as the strongest Torah common law precedent wherein the Torah itself defines time oriented commandments. Neither the NT nor Koran have the least bit of a clue concerning Torah wisdom as the definition of all time oriented Torah commandments. Therefore neither the NT nor Koran qualify as valid continuation of the Divine Revelation at Sinai which only Israel accepts to this very day.

Torah common law shares no common ground with av tuma NT & Koran theology/creed belief systems. A judge who hears a case before his court having strong “beliefs” pro or con concerning the details of the case argued before his court – righteousness demands that he recuse and excuse himself as a judge in that current case debated by both prosecutor and defense justices of the 3 man Torts common law court.

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Codex Sinaiticus

The study of the Talmud requires a basic understanding of Tannaim logical middot. Clearly the most famous and well known, the middot of rabbi Yishmael
י״ג מידות שהתורה נדרשת בהן – רבי ישמעאל

ודבר הלמד מסופו

בקל וחומר

גזרה שוה

בנין אב מכתוב אחד

בנין אב משני כתובים

כלל ופרט

פרט וכלל

כלל ופרט וכלל אי אתה דן אלא כעין הפרט

כל דבר שהיה בכלל ויצא מן הכלל ללמד לא ללמד על עצמו יצא אלא ללמד על הכלל כולו יצא

כל דבר שהיה בכלל ויצא לטעון טענה אחרת יצא להקל ולא להחמיר

כל דבר שהיה בכלל ויצא לטעון טענה אחרת לא להקל ולא להחמיר אלא להשוות

כל דבר שהיה בכלל ויצא לידון בדבר החדש אי אתה יכול להחזירו לכלל עד שיחזירנו הכתוב לכלל בפירוש

דבר הלמד מענינו

Rabbi Akiva received the tradition of PaRDeS as a revelation of Oral Torah at Horev — not as a method of textual exposition, but as a living legal system, in which every letter, inclusion and exclusion, silence and repetition, functions as a carrier of halakhic meaning. The Torah is not a “closed text” but an inductive system for building law from concrete empirical particulars.

Rabbi Yishmael’s 13 middot serve as a secondary, so to speak, “commentary” to how to correctly understand rabbi Akiva’s warp/weft דרוש\פשט … רמז\סוד פרדס sh’itta of inductive reasoning. The two main threads of the Talmudic loom which weaves the culture and customs practiced by the chosen Cohen people. Rabbi Yishmael did not introduce his middot explicitly as a “commentary” on Akiva; they function in parallel, coexisting methodologies.

The midda Kal va-chomer serves as a formal rule which permits comparing one sealed masoret Talmudic source to another “related” sealed Talmudic Gemara source. Rashi teaches that following the sealing of the Bavil in about 450 CE that post Talmudic scholarship only requires this, so to speak, “most essential midda”; not to exclude the other 12 middot. That’s a טיפש פשט Bullwinkle error — Karaite narishkeit — which defines the Rambam and his Snidely Whiplash supporters who re-defined (substitute theology Xtian and Muslim av tuma avoda zarah) the Talmud as statute religious law rather than Sanhedrin judicial common law.

The Karaites rejected the Oral Torah. The 13 middot work within the פרדס description of Oral Torah. Rambam’s Yad Chazakah does not qualify as Oral Torah. Therefore, Rambam compares to the Karaites who rejected the Oral Torah. Rambam’s system can be functionally compared to Karaites in this sense, because the 13 middot cannot operate fully in a strictly codified system; the generative inductive process is curtailed. Hence students of the Talmud cannot turn to the statute law religious codifications as tools to learn the Talmud.

Rambam, no rabbinic authority, other than myself – but who am I, ever accused him of being a Karaite, because outwardly he accepted the Talmud whereas the Karaites rejected the Talmud. But his statute law code emphatically embraced the culture and customs of Roman statute egg-crate Sefer Ha’Mitzvot law, and rejected T’NaCH Talmudic Sanhedrin common law. The Rambam had no concept of time-oriented Av Torah commandments. Consequently the Rambam did, in point of fact, reject the Oral Torah as a common law judicial legal system. His code conceptually & metaphorically reduces the functionality of the 13 middot, no different from the Karaites. Rambam’s codification limits the living inductive reasoning logic-function of the Oral Torah.

The Talmud defines the 2nd Sinai Commandment not to worship other Gods, based upon the Book of Kings concerning Shlomo and his foreign wives and the Book of Ezra wherein Ezra commands Israel to divorce their foreign wives, based on the story of Phinhas – killing the head of the tribe of Dan who paraded a foreign Midianite wife in front of Moshe and Aaron.

Therefore avoda zara of the 2nd Sinai commandment defined through these precedents as 1) assimilation 2) intermarriage. While the Rambam did not intermarry his statute law code introduced Roman cult of personality statute law as a replacement for T’NaCH/Talmudic judicial common law. Hazal interpret the 2nd commandment (“לא יהיה לך אלוהים אחרים”) as an utter rejection of the “idolatry” practiced by both Xtian\Muslim טיפש פשט literal reading – which limits foreign gods to physical idols. Historically, Rambam affirmed Talmudic authority and Oral Torah, so literally he was not a Karaite. The Bullwinkle comparison serves as a polemical critique of the effect of the Rambam codification on the living process of the Oral Torah.

The prophets of the T’NaCH mocked “idols” as a משל\נמשל mussar. The Xtian\Muslim טיפש פשט an utter perversion of the 2nd Sinai commandment. The Rambam based his code as a concrete-literal translation of the Talmudic halachic rulings which he translated into pure Hebrew, comparable to the language of the Mishna. His code expunged the language of Aramaic, as employed throughout the Gemara & T’NaCH Book of Daniel.

Rambam affirmed Talmudic authority and Oral Torah. He did not reject the Talmud or Oral law. None the less, his Reformed Judaism curtailed the functionality of inductive methods like the 13 middot; in effect he limited the Oral Torah’s living legal process no different that modern Reform Judaism. Rambam’s codification limits the generative, inductive, precedent-driven system of the Talmud, to a function which resembles Karaite and Reform heresies which restrict Tannaim interpretive methods. The 2nd commandment (avoda zara = assimilation/intermarriage) sums up both the societies of Karaite and Reform Jewry. It illustrates how Oral Torah is , The Rambam’s codification abstracts Oral Torah as a living, concrete judicial common law system; the Rambam-Karaite comparison serves as a metaphorical, rhetorical, and polemical exclamation point rather than literal historical fact.

The sages sealed the T’NaCH, Talmud, and Siddur to pass a determined “fixed” inheritance of Torah traditions to all generations. No one generation owns a monopoly lock upon logic. The purpose of sealing “Primary Sources” of scholarship, that all generations thereafter share a common “base” foundation by which to interpret and understand the Torah. The Torah commands prophetic T’NaCH based mussar, it does not exist as a history book and therefore empirical history not learned from the pages of the T’NaCH.

Understanding how these essential middot “understand” the kabbalah of פרדס Oral Torah, an obligation known as עול מלכות שמים. This concept rabbinic tradition affixes to תפילה דאורייתא — קריא שמע, which entails a sworn oath through tefillen to remember the three oaths sworn by the Avot together with the Torah obligation to accept the Sinai & Horev revelations of the Torah. Common law functions by means of precedents – בניני אבות. All of rabbi Yishmael’s middot serve as tools to compare and contrast Sanhedrin case/law rulings to other Sanhedrin case/law rulings.

Hazal describes the kabbalah of פרדס as הלכה למשה מסיני. Torah as a jurisprudential system, not a closed code like the Rambam, Tur, and Shulkan Aruch statute law perversions. Rabbi Yishmael’s middot serve as a secondary commentary to understand Rabbi Akiva’s PaRDeS. The relationship between the two rabbis compares to the אב\תולדות relationship which defines בראשית to שמות, ויקרא, ובמדבר. The warp/weft משל implies the Halacha/Aggada נמשל.

Rabbi Yishmael’s tactical middot do not serve as a commentary to rabbi Akiva’s strategic פרדס understanding of the revelation of the Oral Torah at Horev/Sinai. Rabbi Yishmael compares to a Colonel or General under the supreme command of rabbi Akiva.

The Baali Tosafists opposed the טיפש פשט reading of Rashi who limited the 13 middot strictly to Kal va-chomer. If all the Tannaim and Amoraim scholars relied upon middot to understand the kabbala of פרדס inductive logic, post sealing of the Sha’s Bavli Rashi could not negate this without becoming a karaite heretic. Rashi himself employs the gezera shava midda in his T’NaCH commentary! Hence the Baali Tosafot emphasize that the other 12 middot function as the seal Sha’s Bavli received and sealed masoret. Rabbi Yishmael did not introduce his 13 middot as a competitive counter to Rabbi Akiva’s פרדס, but rather as salt & pepper to the פרדס steak.

Now compare the 10 middot developed by rabbi Akiva:
דרוש ופשט משולבים: Derash/Peshat integration – interpreting words contextually and in parallel with homiletical meaning.

רמז בכל מילה ואות: Remez (hint/implication) – every word, letter, or phrase can carry a hidden, legal or moral implication. For example: בראשית – ברית אש, ראש בית, ב’ ראשית. Rabbi Yechuda interpreted בכל לבבך as implying two opposing Yatzirot within the heart, based upon the Torah רמז: ב’ ראשית; Yaacov and Esau wrestled within the womb of Rivka.

סוד עמוק ומוסרי: Sod (mystical/deep meaning) – Kabbalah insightgs which elevate secondary halachot to Primary time-oriented commandments. Remez and Sod function hand-in-glove together.

תשומת לב לאותיות וצורות המילים: Attention to letters and word forms – e.g., doubling letters, unusual spellings, extra/missing words.

שתיקה והחסרות במשמעות: Silences and omissions – the Torah’s omissions are as meaningful as its inclusions. The RambaN’s introduction to his commentary to the Chumash describes this midda as Black Fire on White Fire. Something like how a silk screen works to make a multi-colored image on canvass.

השוואת מקרים מקבילים: Comparison of parallel cases – drawing general prophetic mussar rebukes through making a דרוש\פשט comparison between both Torah and NaCH & Aggada and Midrashic inductive reasoning to interpret prophetic mussar expressed throughout the T’NaCH literature.

רגישות לברית ולחובותיה: Remembering the oaths sworn by the Avot: interpreting the Torah as a system of legal and moral obligations tied to the brit which eternally creates the Chosen Cohen people.

בניית הלכה מתוך פרטים מוחשיים: Empirical particularism – law is built from concrete halachic particulars & prophetic mussar rather than abstract av tuma theology and creed belief systems.

שילוב הוליסטי של הלכה ואגדה: Holistic textual weaving – integrating Halacha and Aggada, law and T’NaCH mussar instruction.

יצירתיות והפקת מקרים חדשים: Generativity – the Torah’s structure allows new cases to be derived in a living system, rather than frozen in a codified statute. The 10th middah — יצירתיות והפקת מקרים חדשים (Generativity) — properly refers to the Torah’s ability to produce new halachic cases within the inductive logic system, excluding later codified assimilated Greek deductive frameworks as exemplified by Rambam, Tur, and Shulchan Aruch statute law codifications. The Torah directly forbids duplicating how Goyim worship their Gods by embracing the cultures, customs, and manners by which Goyim, who reject the revelation of the Torah at Sinai, worship their Gods.

Monotheism by definition assumes that the Goyim worship the one and same God as do the Jewish people. Yet neither the Protocols of the Elders of Zion fraudulent Books New Testament & Koran never once call unto the Name revealed inside the first Sinai commandment. Hence, by default: both Xtianity and Islam worship “other Gods”. The statute law codes denounced they embrace Greek\Roman statute law culture and customs! This makes their codes of halacha – avoda zarah.

Mishnat Rabbi Eliezer and Midrash ha‑Gadol includes the 32 middot of Rabbi Eliezer ben Jose ha‑Gelili (often identified with the son of Rabbi Yossi HaGalilee) as likewise included in the back of the mesechta of ברכות.

בריבוי – where something occurs multiple times. The focus rests on repetition as a signal: the Torah repeats certain words, phrases, or themes to teach a specific legal, moral, or interpretive principle. It signals the interpreter to examine patterns across repetitions, seeking consistency, emphasis, or subtle distinctions. The most obvious example being the repetition of the so called “10 commandments”. If a law appears multiple times in the Torah, one can infer its broader applicability or derive a specific kal va-chomer comparison.

The Torah directly commands “remember the redemption of Egypt”, as expressed through the mitzva of קריא שמע. Torah commands prophetic mussar, it does not teach history. Therefore, this בריבוי emphasizes remembering the 10 plagues wherein the Gods of Egypt judged, and the court of Par’o found utterly corrupt and unjust. Israel came out of Egypt to conquer Canaan – to rule this land with righteous judicial common law justice; which makes fair restitution of damages inflicted by one Jew upon another Jew.

The midda of בריבוי functions in conjunction with other middot. It assists the interpreter to build inductive legal reasoning. It works in conjunction and together with other middot. Torah common law stands on the יסוד of בניני אבות.

במיעוט – We have previously addressed this in Shabbat as a “במיעוט” to the days of the week רבוי, as Shabbat defines the mitzva of עבודת השם to dedicate the days of the week to do av tohor time-oriented commandments known as מלאכה; and the Talmudic language of קמ”ל as a מיעוט. The opening sugya of קידושין limits האשה נקנית unto a girl who understands the mitzva of קידושין.

The Written Torah has central themes. The first and most obvious being the curse of g’lut initially introduced with the expulsion of Adam from the Garden and Cain murdering his brother. The Pauline avoda zara behaves like the Rambam avoda zara. It switched through substitution theology the narrative away from the Torah curse of g’lut and replaced it with the need of Man for the Jesus messiah to save Man from eternal Hell death.

Avoda zara theology switches the narrative. Muhammad in his Koran declared that prophets sent to all people/nations. The Arabs the last people to receive their “warning prophet”. Hence Muhammad the last of the prophets! This switched the narrative away from the New Testament – prophets foretell future events; and also from the T’NaCH – prophets command mussar rebukes to all generations of the people who accept the revelation of the Torah at Sinai and Horev.

ריבוי אחר ריבוי – both T’NaCH and Talmud/Midrashim employ this inductive legal method. ריבוי אחר ריבוי → מיעוט: דברים יד:כב – עשר תעשר את כל תבואת זרעך. ריבוי אחר ריבוי — אינו אלא מיעוט. The repetition forces the court to define boundaries – not everything is included. Ma‘aser applies only to produce that grows annually. Wild growth, ownerless produce, non-food agricultural outputs – all excluded from the mitzva of ma’aser. This midda, for example, explicitly stated in Kiddushin 21b and Yevamot 7a. Specific example: the language יפת תאר this language restricts the case.

Greek syllogism logic interprets repetition deductively rather than inductively or judicially. Greek syllogism logic interprets repetition deductively rather than inductively or judicially. Deductive conclusions drawn from general premises. This method does not inherently incorporate the inductive or judicial reasoning approaches often associated with other systems, such as those found in rabbinic interpretations of Jewish law. Syllogism focuses on establishing clear, logical connections between premises to reach a conclusion rather than generating broader legal or practical principles from specific examples.

The Torah teaches through judicial restraint. Repeated commandments create legal pressure. This legal pressure forces precedent construction which stands upon the בניני אבות יסוד. Shabbat vs Six days serves to define the k’vanna of עבודת השם מלאכה as time-oriented commandments which create מלאכים שנברא יש מאין.

מיעוט אחר מיעוט — אינו אלא ריבוי another judicial–inductive midda. This is the mirror image of ריבוי אחר ריבוי → מיעוט. Example: שמות כא:כג–כה…עין תחת עין, שן תחת שן. The sages interpret this as monetary compensation for damages; it utterly rejects the טיפש פשט literal reading of the printed words.

רפא ירפא (שמות כא:יט): the obligation of someone who has caused physical harm to another to compensate for the time lost during recovery. מיעוט: “עין תחת עין” (seems to exclude monetary compensation), מיעוט שני: explicit obligation of payment (רפא ירפא).

ויקרא כא:יז – איש מזרעך… אשר יהיה בו מום לא יקרב … אך אל הפרוכת לא יבוא ואל המזבח לא יגש. Therefore, these two restrictions result in the din that permits\ריבוי: he may eat kodashim. There exist many examples of this midda across the T’NaCH and Talmud. Hence Torah common law the Courts must weigh each case based upon precedents. Courtroom law simply does not compare to religious theological one size fits all creeds.

בקל וחומר מפורש— not an inferred kal va-chomer, but one explicitly stated in the text itself, where the Torah or Chazal spell out the comparison and its force. במדבר יב:יד — מרים: ויאמר ה’ אל משה: ואביה ירק ירק בפניה, הלא תכלם שבעת ימים. If a daughter disgraced by her father how much more so the disgrace if it comes from HaShem from within her Yatzir Ha’Tov. עיין דברים לא:כז, שמואלא כג:ג. An example from the Talmud: פסחים סו: ומה פסח שאין ענוש כרת — דוחה שבת, מילה שענוש כרת — אינו דין שתדחה שבת?

The Talmud – rabbi Akiva’s home waters, not Aristotle’s. The statute law assimilated codes merely records conclusions—but erases the courtroom argument that gave them authority to re-interpret the language of the Mishna by means of משנה תורה. The קל וחומר מפורש midda, its dependent upon בניני אבות. Statute law utterly rejects the rule of law determined through precedents.

בקל וחומר סתום — an implicit, unstated kal va-chomer, neither the Torah or Chazal do not spell out the comparison, yet the legal/moral force compels the court to supply it. A purely inductive, judicial middah not at all relevant to religious Orthodox halachic observances. Hence the Yeshiva which produces “suits as rabbis” ignores Oral Torah learning by means of tohor middot.

This midda brings a small minor case with a known decision but leaves the weightier significant case uncommented upon. Permitting the court judges to draw their own conclusions. Basically required training for courtroom judges.

שמות כב:טו: וכי יפתה איש בתולה אשר לא ארשה…כסף ישקל כמהר הבתולת. This Torah introduces the minor דני ממון case of seduction and permits the Capital Crimes case of rape — open for the court justices to derive their own conclusions. עיין ויקרא יט:לב. Within the Talmud – ברכות יט: — כבוד הבריות — גדול כבוד הבריות שדוחה לא תעשה שבתורה. If human dignity overrides rabbinic prohibitions → how much more so certain Torah prohibitions in limited cases. Again many examples of this midda developed and matured throughout the Sha’s Bavli.

Justice requires judicial reasoning. Common law simply not understood by reading statute law codifications. Codifications kills this midda. A silent kal va-chomer cannot survive statute law codes.

This later codification of inductive reasoning logical middot duplicates the Primary set of Oral Torah middot. בדרך קצרה — קל וחומר סתום (implicit): The Torah legislates minimally, trusting the court to complete the common law. The Torah states only the lighter / narrower case and intentionally omits the heavier / broader one — because the law must be derived. This represents judicial restraint — not textual economy. Basically Oral Torah logic teaches, if you understand law, you don’t need me to say it. The Talmud refers to this as the short/long path.

The Talmud codified during g’lut poverty wherein Jews feared Goyim censorship. The Romans tortured then murdered rabbi Akiva. Talmud Oral Torah common law resembles Japanese and Chinese healing through needles. One pressure point generates chains of בניני אבות. As mentioned above, seduction vs. rape – דני ממון כנגד דני נפשות – If consensual wrongdoing requires restitution, violent coercion certainly does.

Greek syllogism deductive logic silence amounts to an absence of data. פרדס inductive logic silence induces legal pressure. The RambaN’s kabbala Chumash introduction of Black fire on white fire directly infers the requirement to make logical דיוקים inferences. Statute religions law simply cannot transmit קל וחומר סתום because the law no longer emerges — it is retrieved. The Baali Tosafot commentary preserves this common law logic expressed by T’NaCH & Talmudic common law. The assimilated statute halachic codifications universally flatten like a pancake this midda. Therefore, בדרך קצרה is the Torah’s method of legislating through minimal expression, compelling courts to complete the law via silent kal va-chomer, preserving a living inductive common-law system.

מדבר שהוא שנוי as a jurisprudential middah – A matter that is already stated (or taught elsewhere). When the Torah (or Hazal) repeats a legal matter that is already known, the repetition is never redundant — it signals a new limitation, expansion, distinction, or legal pressure point. אין מקרא יוצא מידי פשוטו — אבל אינו חוזר לחינם — unless it intends to restrict, differentiate, reframe, relocate jurisdiction, or create a precedent fork. Repetition forces interpretation, as expressed through ריבוי / מיעוט, ריבוי אחר ריבוי, קל וחומר סתום, and בנין אב.

Greek logic, as mentioned above, employs repetition as both emphasis and rhetorical; a persuasive technique, where repeated statements aim to influence beliefs or opinions, often associated with the employment of propaganda. Torah inductive Oral Torah logic relies upon the technique of repetition to introduce a new legal function. Whereas statute law by stark contrast fossilizes “the law” into codified dogmatism.

The Torah repeats three times לא תבשל גדי בחלה אמו. The rabbis in the Gemara of Chullen, the 8th פרק went to town over this repetition. Personally, do not consider chicken as meat, but then again – I still have to live with my wife who rules the kitchen has her dictatorship. Shabbat, the Creation story, Manna, the decalogue as mentioned above, and the Mishkan repeated over and again. As Shabbat establishes “domains” so too does “repetition”!

זכר ליציאת מצרים — For me, this refers to remembering when Moshe stood before the corrupt courtroom of Par’o. As mentioned above, Israel came out of Egypt to conquer Canaan and rule our people with fair courtroom judicial justice. Just that simple, no fancy dance’n. Torah teaches mussar and law, not history nor religion. Consider myself as an atheist “praise God”, based upon the rule: Never take yourself too seriously.

Repetition here creates limitation, not license. The Torah singles out יפת תואר… מפני שהוא מדבר שהוא שנוי…its restricted, surrounded by procedural barriers, and morally discouraged through the story of the בּן סורר ומורה. This subject flows straight into the repetition of עריות. The mitzva of ק”ש repeated across three Books of the Torah to teach: עול מלכות שמים as זכרון יציאת מצרים … זכרון אבות … זכרון תורה שבכתב ובעל פה This midda flows like water into ריבוי אחר ריבוי → מיעוט, מיעוט אחר מיעוט → ריבוי, קל וחומר סתום, and בנין אב. This midda, it rings alarm bells which shout – Stop. This verse – doing major new work – a judicial signal that repetition of an already-established law demands reinterpretation, producing new legal structure through inductive precedent.

מסידור שנחלק as a jurisprudential middah: When the Torah presents a structured list, system, or סדר, and then deliberately splits or rearranges its elements across different contexts, the division itself carries legal meaning. The most obvious example – when NaCH or Talmudic sources inverse the order of רחום וחנון with חנון ורחום.

The Torah’s order is never accidental – אין סדר התורה מקרי. So breaking established order compares to God vs. Dog. The break in order forces interpretation. This midda often works together with מדבר שהוא שנוי, ריבוי, בנין אב, דרך קצרה. Torah common law spins around the Central axis that the Written Torah serves as the Constitution of the bnai brit Cohen People’s Republic. As mentioned before, domains in shabbat not exclusive to this one mitzva. The shabbat commandment which forbids actions of מלאכה establishes a jurisprudential axis across the so called תרי”ג מצוות. The מוספ עמידה why does it inverse the order of the א”ב upon its head? קידושין splits acquisition to כסף שטר וביאה. In ק”ש the Torah employs ציצית as a סוד to remember the t’shuva made by HaShem when HaShem threatened to treat the oaths sworn to the Avot as a vow that can be annulled!

מסידור שנחלק the expression of a inductive legal principle whereby the Torah’s deliberate division of an established structure signals multiple legal domains, obligating the court to derive distinct functions from each fragment.

This learning gets quite involved. Recommend if your interested to make your own research. You can start with the Jewish encyclopaedia. But if requested I shall continue this long list of how Torah common law logic rationally functions and shapes inductive logic. I have stopped at the 11th midda.