Lebanon has begun disarming non-state armed groups, specifically starting with Palestinian factions in camps such as Burj al-Barajneh, as part of a broader push to ensure weapons are held only by six official state security agencies. Additionally, Lebanon’s cabinet has approved the objectives of a U.S.-backed plan to disarm Hezbollah by the end of 2025, tasking the army to oversee this transition.
In response, Hezbollah has outright rejected the plan, with its deputy leader Naim Kassem denouncing it as serving Israeli interests and warning against its implementation. Lebanon’s president has strongly rebuffed Iranian interference, emphasizing national sovereignty and rejecting foreign meddling—remarks delivered during a meeting with a senior Iranian official. Reports also indicate that Iran appears anxious about the implications of Hezbollah’s potential disarmament, viewing it as a major strategic setback to its regional influence.
UNIFIL continues to operate across southern Lebanon, with its current mandate extended through August 31, 2025. The Security Council is debating a new resolution that not only aims to extend the mission, but also signals an eventual withdrawal of UNIFIL—contingent on the Lebanese government achieving full control over its territory and so long as a comprehensive political solution is in place.
UNIFIL has experienced dangerous incidents in recent years: Israeli tanks forcibly entering UN positions, multiple attacks on watchtowers, and injuring or endangering peacekeepers. Locally, some communities have pushed back against UNIFIL patrols, especially when they occur without Lebanese Armed Forces (LAF) accompaniment, fueling tensions.
A tragic incident on August 9, 2025, killed six Lebanese soldiers during munitions dismantling at a Hezbollah-linked depot, underscoring the persistent danger in the area. Its future beyond August hinges on Security Council deliberations and Lebanon’s ability to assume full security responsibilities.
Despite a legislative ban by Israel that came into effect on January 30, 2025, targeting UNRWA’s operations in Israeli territory including East Jerusalem, UNRWA continues to provide essential aid in Gaza, the West Bank, and among refugee camps across the region. The agency has lost access to its Jerusalem headquarters, and many of its international staff have been forced to leave; yet, local staff remain on the ground delivering services under increasingly hostile conditions.
Israel’s ban and accusations of UNRWA’s alleged ties to Hamas (including dismissals of some staff) have had far-reaching effects—diplomatic, legal, and operational. The agency remains under scrutiny, including court cases in the U.S. Still delivering critical services across Gaza and the West Bank, despite bans and evacuation of international staff.